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A new report claims that the first ARM Macs are on the way in 2021, with a chip design based on the A14 expected in the 'iPhone 12.'
Use an or a cloud-based program like DropBox, OneDrive, or iCloud. That means any files, programs, or documents you've been working on while using macOS Catalina will also be erased if you don't back them up first. Enter your Administrator credentials.Tick the box to Allow booting from external media.Step 1: Back up your MacThis process will erase macOS Catalina from your hard drive entirely.
Click Utilities in the Menu Bar.Click on Startup Security Utility.
![Apple back to my mac mojave Apple back to my mac mojave](/uploads/1/2/6/6/126622969/194424343.png)
Apple is reportedly well on the way to delivering an ARM Mac to consumers, according to a new report on Thursday morning. The chips will reportedly be based on a 5nm chip produced by TSMC, and be similar — but not identical — to the A14 expected in the 'iPhone 12.'
According to the report by Bloombergon Thursday morning the first shipping machines will have eight high-performance cores and at least four energy-efficient cores. Allegedly, Apple is exploring iterations of the processor with more than 12 cores.
Bloomberg expects the first device to be a new laptop. A second generation of chip designs are reportedly already in the planning stages, based on the 2021 iPhone processor, presumably called the 'A15.'
No specific timetable for arrival was predicted, beyond 2021.
This isn't the first report of ARM Macs being imminent, but Bloomberg was one of the first venues to discuss the possibility in 2017. In 2019, Intel officials said that they expected an ARM Mac as soon as 2020.
Ming-Chi Kuo has chimed several times about the shift, saying that he expects the transition to begin in 2020 or 2021. A 'Project Kalamata' has also been discussed, with prototypes of the device from Pegatron said to utilize a touchscreen, SIM card slot, GPS, compass, and a water resistant housing — suggesting a different form-factor entirely than the MacBook Air or MacBook.
As a general rule, ARM-based processors provide better performance per watt than Intel processors deliver, leading to better battery life. And, at the same time, for many engineering reasons, an ARM processor has the bonus that it also produces lower heat than Intel given the same performance.
Apple has convinced its devout to shift to new hardware architectures in the Mac itself twice, once with 68000-series to PowerPC processors, and again from PowerPC to Intel. But, Apple has hurdled the potential marketing nightmare of large shifts for users many times.
Any ARM shift won't be immediate, and won't span the entire product line in one fell swoop. It will likely start on Apple's low-end, with the MacBook a likely candidate for resurrection, or an ARM-based Mac mini migration. Additionally, Microsoft has Windows on ARM, with a 32-bit software compatibility layer, so virtualization or even Windows on top of one of these new machines isn't out of the question — but isn't likely at launch.
High-end ARM chips aren't out of the question. Data centers use high-power ARM chips now, with Apple manufacturing partner TSMC a producer of much of the high-end ARM silicon.
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Here’s how to create your own, shiny ARM gcc cross-compile toolchain for your Mac. A cross-compile toolchain enables to compile code for a different hardware architecture than the development system. We will be using the Intel/macOS to generate ARM/Linux (Cortex-Axx CPUs) or ARM/bare-metal (Cortex-Mxx Microcontrollers) code. Since the ARM architecture is omnipresent these days in UAV work, this is kind of handy to have working. Trivial to do on Linux as a host system, but our trusty Mac needs some special treatment.
The tool to use is crosstool-ng, which is designed to compile the gcc toolchain for various architectures. The main audience for the tool is Linux, but it works fine on the Mac with a few tricks. There are other sources of information on this topic, but they deal with older versions of macOS and crosstool-ng
[1][2], so here is an update that works on macOS Sierra with the latest crosstool-ng version. Those other websites are still a good source of information, and well worth visiting in the process. Most of the workarounds listed on these pages are no longer required, but at the time of writing a small number of new hiccups need to be considered.In this tutorial I am using places and paths that I find logical. These can be changed to any other location as desired, of course.
Step 1:
You need X-Code or the command line tools installed to provide build tools on macOS. Nothing that follows will work without it.
Step 2:
![Sim Sim](/uploads/1/2/6/6/126622969/789663382.jpg)
Some of the macOS build tools are not equivalent to the GNU/Linux versions. Building a beast like gcc, however, requires those extra functionalities. The package manager Homebrew can be used to install those tools quite easily. Other methods might work as well but have not been tested.
Note: Homebrew contains a formula to install crosstool-ng 1.22. This is outdated and does not work on macOS at the time of writing. So we need to build the tool from the git master for now.
So you need to install Homebrew, which is quite easy. Then install the following packages:
- autoconf
- automake
- libtool
- help2man
- coreutils
- binutils
- wget
- gnu-sed
- gawk
- libelf
- make
- grep
Some of these tools have their equivalent in macOS, so Homebrew installs them with a prefix g, so make becomes gmake and so on. Crosstool-ng is set up nicely to find these alternate versions for you during building. However in the current version (Feb. 2017) is one remaining bug that requires this knowledge.
Step 3:
gcc is a Linux tool and Linux uses case sensitive file systems by default. The Mac does not. So trying to build gcc on the standard Mac disk will inevitably fail. So we need to create a case sensitive disk somehow. Luckily, this is actually quite easy with disk utility. Check out [1] on how to do that. Basically, you want to create a sparse disk image with case sensitive file system somewhere on your disk. Be aware that disk utility actually changes the file system properties as you set the options, so make sure that it is set to case sensitive file system before creating the image.
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Step 4:
Create a directory to build crosstools-ng. This can be anywhere on the Mac disk, or in the newly created disk image. Crosstool-ng does not require a case sensitive file system. The clone the git repository into this directory
This creates the directory crosstool-ng, containing the source code. Enter that folder and issue
to generate the configuration scripts. Then we will need to decide where we want to install the crosstool executable. I find it sensible to install it into the build disk image to have it all in one spot. To do that, issue
![Sim Sim](/uploads/1/2/6/6/126622969/113155434.jpg)
where I choose PATH_TO_INSTALL_DIR to be /Volumes/ct-ng/ct-ng in the build disk image. This will make and install crosstool-ng in that directory. Any errors will indicate that some of the previous instructions did not succeed. Checking the output of the configuration step might show that some of the GNU/Linux tools were not recognised correctly. You’ll need to verify the Homebrew installation of those tools in this case. If all went well, there should be a working version of crosstool-ng in the INSTALL_DIR.
Step 5:
To try it out, navigate to that directory and issue
to generate the configuration for one of the per-defined builds as a test case. Then
to enter the build configuration menu. This is the same as used for the Linux kernel. In there, we need to change the default locations of the download- and output directories to point into the case sensitive disk image (the download directory doesn’t need to be there but again, it keeps things organised. Then issue
to build the toolchain. (The ulimit command increases the number of open files allowed, otherwise the build will fail just before the end…)
This will fail immediately, but no worries, the information printed will allow us to fix the problem. As mentioned before, some of the tools installed by Homebrew have the prefix g. And this is the bug in crosstools, where in one file this is not set correctly. Everywhere else it is, so do not try to rename to tool (sed), but make a small change in one of the source files of crosstool. This might get fixed soon as there is an issue open on Github for this. But for now, we need to go into the file printed in the error message (/scripts/functions) and change the broken command (line number given in the error msg) from sed to gsed. Then save the file and try the build again. All should be working fine now. The build will take 40 minutes or so. Once done, there should be a ARM-gcc toolchain in the x-tools directory.
Update [27/02/2017]: This problem appears to be fixed, at least based on my limited testing over the past few days.
Step 6:
To use the toolchain, set the compiler path to
and use the gcc command
Arm Sim For Macos Windows 10
to compile the code.
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This covered just the basic procedure. When it all works, the toolchain can be configured more specifically to the hardware target using the menuconfig system. This might be the topic of another article.